Aristotle's *Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία* (The Constitution of the Athenians) is a comprehensive analysis of the Athenian political system. Written between 328 and 322 BC, it provides a detailed account of the evolution of Athenian government, including its institutions, laws, and social structures. The work is divided into two parts: the historical section, which explores the development of Athenian politics from the earliest times, and the descriptive section, which focuses on the Athenian constitution in Aristotle's own time. The book draws on a wide range of sources, including historical accounts, legal documents, and even popular songs and proverbs. Despite some gaps due to the loss of papyrus, the *Constitution of the Athenians* remains an invaluable primary source for understanding the complexities of Athenian democracy.