'Summa Theologica - 06 Pars Prima Secundae, On the Last End, On Human Acts' Summary

This section of the *Summa Theologica* delves into the realm of human actions and their ethical implications. Aquinas begins by exploring the concept of the ultimate end, arguing that the pursuit of happiness is the fundamental goal of all human activity. He then moves on to examine the nature of human acts, emphasizing the importance of free will and the role of reason in discerning the good. Aquinas explores the categories of human actions, distinguishing between acts that are good in themselves, acts that are good because of their consequences, and acts that are intrinsically evil. He also discusses the various factors that can influence human action, including passion, habit, and the influence of external circumstances. A significant portion of this section is devoted to the concept of virtue, which Aquinas defines as a stable disposition to act in accordance with reason. He analyzes various virtues, both intellectual and moral, and outlines the importance of developing a virtuous character. Aquinas also addresses the problem of sin, which he defines as any act that goes against the dictates of reason and the divine law. He explores different types of sin, including original sin, venial sin, and mortal sin, and offers guidance on how to repent and obtain forgiveness. Throughout this section, Aquinas emphasizes the importance of living a moral life in accordance with God's will. He believes that the pursuit of virtue and the avoidance of sin are essential for attaining true happiness, both in this life and in the next.