Pope Adrian IV; An Historical Sketch
by Richard Raby
'Pope Adrian IV; An Historical Sketch' Summary
Born Nicholas Breakspear around 1100, Adrian IV rose from humble beginnings to become the Bishop of Albano and later the Pope in 1154. His papacy was marked by conflicts with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa over the investiture controversy, which concerned the Emperor's right to appoint bishops. Adrian also played a role in the Second Crusade, urging European rulers to support the beleaguered crusader states in the East. During his reign, Adrian IV issued the papal bull Laudabiliter, which granted King Henry II of England permission to invade Ireland and establish English rule there. This act had a profound impact on Irish history and led to centuries of conflict between Ireland and England. Adrian IV's papacy ended in 1159 when he died in Anagni, Italy, after a brief illness. Despite his relatively short reign, Adrian IV remains a significant figure in both English and papal history.Book Details
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