'Summa Theologica - 04 Pars Prima, On Man' Summary

The *Summa Theologica*'s fifth part, 'On Man,' examines the nature and purpose of human beings as God's creation. Aquinas begins by exploring the soul's immaterial nature and its unique connection to the body, arguing that the soul is the animating principle of life. He then delves into the crucial topic of free will, asserting that humans possess the ability to choose between good and evil, but that this freedom is always exercised within the context of God's providential plan. The treatise goes on to discuss the pursuit of virtue, which is seen as the ultimate goal of human life. Aquinas outlines the cardinal and theological virtues, emphasizing the importance of faith, hope, and love in guiding individuals towards their true end. He also tackles the problem of sin, exploring its various types and the consequences of moral transgression. The section concludes by examining the role of divine grace in achieving salvation, emphasizing that God's mercy and love are essential for overcoming human limitations and attaining eternal life.