'Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals' Summary

Hume's *Enquiry* begins by questioning the traditional view that morality is grounded in reason. He contends that reason alone cannot provide us with moral judgments, as it can only tell us what is, not what ought to be. Instead, Hume asserts that moral judgments arise from our feelings or sentiments. He proposes that our moral approval or disapproval stems from a sense of sympathy, which allows us to share in the feelings of others. This capacity for empathy, he argues, leads us to approve of actions that promote the happiness of others and disapprove of actions that cause suffering. Further, Hume explores the role of utility in shaping moral rules. He maintains that social utility, the promotion of the common good, serves as a crucial factor in determining what is morally right. He argues that moral rules that are conducive to social harmony and well-being are likely to be adopted and upheld. Throughout the *Enquiry*, Hume examines various moral concepts such as justice, benevolence, and virtue. He analyzes the different factors that influence our moral judgments, including our natural inclinations, our social experiences, and our understanding of the consequences of our actions. Ultimately, Hume seeks to provide a more grounded and empirically informed account of morality, one that recognizes the crucial role of sentiment and utility in our moral lives.